Respostas funcional e numérica, características reprodutivas e viabilidade de Campoletis flavicincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) e mortalidade após o parasitismo do hospedeiro Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) foram estudados em laboratório. Casais de C. flavicincta foram mantidos até a morte da fêmea com 10, 20, 30, 40 ou 50 lagartas dia-1 do hospedeiro S. frugiperda. Um tipo de curva de resposta funcional III foi ajustado para o número médio de lagartas fornecidas por dia, durante a vida da vespa fêmea, como a variável explicativa. Tempo de tratamento foi 0,5940 ± 0,0875h e taxa de busca instantânea 0.0047 ± 0.0020 h-1. A resposta funcional para cada um dos cinco primeiros dias de fornecimento do hospedeiro foi do tipo III. Longevidade nas cinco densidades do hospedeiro e taxa de parasitismo mostraram redução linear significativa com a densidade do hospedeiro. Produção de descendentes mostrou variação quadrática crescente com a densidade crescente do hospedeiro. Produção de fêmeas de C. flavicincta, razão sexual de descendentes, viabilidade de pupas do parasitóide e porcentagem de mortalidade de lagartas de S. frugiperda não foram afetados pela densidade do hospedeiro. Respostas funcional e numérica de C. flavicincta indicam que esse parasitóide pode ser um candidato para controle biológico de S. frugiperda.

The functional and numerical responses, reproductive characteristics, and viability of Campoletis flavicincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as well as the mortality after parasitism of the host Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were analyzed in the laboratory. Campoletis flavicincta pairs were maintained until female death with 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 caterpillars day-1 of the host S. frugiperda. A type III functional response curve was fitted to the average number of caterpillars supplied per day during the female wasp lifespan, as the explanatory variable. The handling time was 0.5940 ± 0.0875h, and the instantaneous search 0.0047 ± 0.0020 h-1. The functional response for each of the first five days of the host was a type III. The longevity at the five host densities and the parasitism rate showed a significant linear decrease with the host density. The offspring production showed an increasing quadratic variation with increased host density. The production of females by C. flavicincta, the offspring sex ratio, the viability of the parasitoid pupae and the percentage of mortality of S. frugiperda caterpillars were not affected by host density. The functional and numerical responses of C. flavicincta indicate that this parasitoid could be a candidate for biological control of S. frugiperda.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do parasitóide Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) no controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em plantas de milho protegidas por gaiolas no campo. Os tratamentos consistiram de parcelas infectadas com 0 (controle), 15 e 30 casais de C. flavicincta liberados por gaiola e parcela infestada, além de parcelas sem gaiola e sem liberação do parasitóide. C. flavicincta foi liberado quando as larvas de S. frugiperda estavam com três dias de idade. Em cada parcela, 40% das plantas foram colhidas sete dias após a infestação, e as larvas de S. frugiperda presentes foram transferidas para copos com dieta artificial. C. flavicincta reduziu o número de larvas, mas a mortalidade natural das larvas e a razão sexual do parasitóide emergido em laboratório foram semelhantes entre tratamentos. A produção de progênie e de progênie fêmea por C. flavicincta foi semelhante nas amostras de 15 e 30 casais, mas a taxa de parasitismo foi maior nas amostras de 30 casais do que nas de 15. Os danos às plantas por larvas de S. frugiperda, aos sete e 14 dias após a infestação, foram semelhantes entre as parcelas com 0, 15 ou 30 casais de C. flavicincta, maiores do que nas parcelas sem gaiola. Esses danos foram menores nas parcelas de 30 casais do parasitóide, após 21 dias da infestação. O estande final, redução no estande pela morte das plantas e a produtividade do milho foram semelhantes entre tratamentos.

Parasitism by Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and consequent reduction of production losses were evaluated on caged corn plants in the field. Treatments consisted of plots infested with 0 (control), 15 and 30 pairs of C. flavicincta with egg masses per cage and plot infested without cage and liberation of the parasitoid. Parasitoid release was done when S. frugiperda larvae were three-day-old. Fifty corn plants (40%) per plot were collected seven days after infestation and S. frugiperda larvae present were reared in glass cups on an artificial diet. Number of S. frugiperda larvae was reduced by C. flavicincta but mortality of the pest and parasitoid sex ratio in laboratory were similar among treatments. Total progeny and female production from collected larvae were similar among densities of released parasitoid. Parasitism rate was higher on 30 than on 15 pairs of C. flavicincta. Damage on corn plants at seven and 14 days after S. frugiperda infestation had similar grades at 0, 15 or 30 C. flavicincta pairs and higher values than the plots without cage. Damage by S. frugiperda was lower at 30 C. flavicincta pairs after 21 days of infestation. Final stand, stand reduction by plant death and corn productivity were similar among treatments.

Entre las ninfas de los asopíneos usados para el control de gusanos desfoliadores en plantaciones de eucalipto, Podisus distinctus (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) representa un potencial agente de control biológico, sin embargo esta especie ha sido poco estudiada. El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto de las diferentes combinaciones de las presas Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) y Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) sobre el peso de ninfas de P. distinctus. El experimento se realizó en laboratorio do "Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuaria (BIOAGRO)", a 25 ± 0.5ºC, 60 ± 10% de humedad relativa y 14 horas de fotoperiodo. Las ninfas de P. distinctus fueron individualizadas en cajas de Petri y alimentadas de acuerdo con los siguientes tratamientos: T1- larvas de M. domestica durante toda la fase ninfal; T2- larvas de M. domestica en el II estadio y de T. molitor en los III, IV y V estadios; T3- larvas de M. domestica en el II y III estadios y de T. molitor en los IV y V estadios; T4- larvas de M. domestica en el II, III y IV estadios y de T. molitor en el V estadio; T5- larvas de T. molitor en todos los estadios. Los mejores resultados de peso y ganancia de peso fueron encontrados cuando P. distinctus fue alimentado alternadamente con larvas de M. domestica y T. molitor. Cuando esse depredador fue solamente alimentado con larvas de M. domestica, presentó pesos menores

Litlle is known about Podisus distinctus (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) one of the Asopinae species with good possibilities for mass rearing and releasing against defoliator caterpillars in eucalyptus reforested areas in Brazil. We evaluated the impact of prey combinations on weight of nymphs and adults of P. distinctus. The prey were Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The experiment was developed under 25 ± 0.5ºC, 60 ± 10% R.H. and photophase of 14 hr, with nymphs of P. distinctus individualized in Petri dishes and fed as: T1- larvae of M. domestica during its whole nymphal phase; T2- larvae of M. domestica during its II instar and of T. molitor during the other instars; T3- larvae of M. domestica during II and III instars and of T. molitor during the other instars; T4- larvae of M. domestica during II, III and IV instars and of T. molitor during the V instar; T5- larvae of T. molitor during all instars. P. distinctus presents lower weight when fed with larvae of M. domestica. For this reason it is recommended to feed P. distinctus with T. molitor during its whole nymphal phase or with larvae of M. domestica only during II and III instars and T. molitor during IV and V instars

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do genótipo IAC 17, resistente a insetos, nas características reprodutivas de fêmeas de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), utilizando o genótipo susceptível UFV 16 como controle. Os tratamentos foram: T1) fêmeas de P. nigrispinus alimentadas com plantas de UFV 16 e lagartas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), criadas em folhas desta cultivar; T2) fêmeas de P. nigrispinus alimentadas com plantas de IAC 17, e lagartas de A. gemmatalis, criadas em folhas desta cultivar. Avaliou-se a longevidade das fêmeas, períodos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e pós-oviposição, número de ovos e de posturas/fêmea, peso dos ovos, intervalo entre posturas, número de ovos/postura, porcentagem de ovos eclodidos, número de ninfas/fêmea e número total de presas mortas/fêmea de P. nigrispinus. A maioria das características avaliadas mostrou resultados semelhantes entre tratamentos, exceto o período de oviposição, que foi mais longo para fêmeas criadas no genótipo resistente que no susceptível, e a porcentagem de fêmeas que ovipositaram antes de morrer, que foi menor na IAC 17. Além disso, o genótipo IAC 17 causou maior mortalidade de fêmeas de P. nigrispinus no início de sua fase adulta e distribuição mais uniforme da produção de ovos ao longo do período adulto desse predador. Por outro lado, os resultados não sugerem efeito desse genótipo na prole do predador.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the insect resistant soybean genotype IAC 17 on reproductive characteristics of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) females compared to the soybean insect susceptible genotype UFV 16. Treatments were: T1) females of P. nigrispinus fed on plants of the UFV 16 and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars reared on leaves of this variety; T2) females of P. nigrispinus fed on plants of the IAC 17 and A. gemmatalis caterpillars reared on leaves of this variety. Longevity of females, pre-oviposition, oviposition and pos-oviposition periods, number of eggs and egg masses/female, egg weight, interval between egg mass laying, number of eggs/egg mass, percentage of nymphs, number of nymphs/female and total number of prey killed/female of P. nigrispinus were evaluated. Most of the characteristics evaluated showed similar results between treatments, but the oviposition period was longer for females reared on the resistant genotype than on the susceptible one and the percentage of total females that laid eggs was lower on the IAC 17. Also, the resistant genotype caused higher mortality of P. nigrispinus females at the beginning of its adult stage and egg production by females of this predator was better spread along its adult stage with this resistant genotype. On the other hand, results suggest no effect of the resistant genotype on the offspring of this predator.

Nymphal development of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) fed with a susceptible (UFV 16) or an insect resistant soybean genotype (IAC 17) and with larvae of the prey Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) reared on these genotypes, was evaluated. Survival and duration of each instar and of total nymphal stage, besides weight of nymphs at the beginning of each instar and of adults of P. nigrispinus soon after emergence, were also evaluated. Nymphal survival of this predator was similar with both genotypes (64.41% for the UFV 16 and 72.88% for the IAC 17). Duration of second and fourth instars for nymphs that originated females, of fourth instar for those that originated males, of the nymphal period for males (20.21 and 17.94 days) and females (19.76 and 18.19 days) was longer on the IAC 17 than on the UFV 16. Weight of third instar nymphs (3.12 mg and 2.42 mg) for those that originated males and of fifth instar (26.20 mg and 23.86 mg) for those that originated females and female weight after emergence (65.76 mg and 58.68 mg) was lower with the IAC 17 than with the UFV 16. Sex ratio of P. nigrispinus was not affected by the resistant soybean IAC 17.